{"id":7483,"date":"2025-05-31T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-31T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weedman.ai\/?p=7483"},"modified":"2025-05-31T08:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-05-31T08:00:00","slug":"salkuv-institut-mapuje-genom-konopi-aby-podporil-slechtitelske-usili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weedman.ai\/cs\/novinky\/vyzkum\/2025\/05\/31\/salkuv-institut-mapuje-genom-konopi-aby-podporil-slechtitelske-usili\/","title":{"rendered":"Salk\u016fv institut mapuje genom konop\u00ed, aby podpo\u0159il \u0161lechtitelsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ze Salkova institutu vytvo\u0159ili dosud nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed genetickou mapu konop\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e analyzovali 193 genom\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch kmen\u016f. Tato pr\u016flomov\u00e1 studie odhaluje v\u00fdznamnou genetickou rozmanitost v r\u00e1mci druhu konop\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti gen\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s kanabinoidy a mastn\u00fdmi kyselinami, a nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled na roli pohlavn\u00edch chromozom\u016f p\u0159i \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdzkum, publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Nature, poskytuje cenn\u00fd zdroj informac\u00ed pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed pro l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konop\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eitou plodinou ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000 let a je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi psychoaktivn\u00edmi vlastnostmi d\u00edky THC (tetrahydrokanabinolu) a tak\u00e9 d\u00edky vl\u00e1kn\u016fm, olej\u016fm a semen\u016fm. Navzdory sv\u00e9mu historick\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 konop\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b prozkoum\u00e1no, zejm\u00e9na po desetilet\u00edch z\u00e1konn\u00fdch omezen\u00ed v mnoha zem\u00edch. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed zm\u011bny ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech v letech 2014 a 2018 obnovily z\u00e1jem o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdroby l\u00e9\u010div a vl\u00e1ken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tohoto komplexn\u00edho genetick\u00e9ho atlasu konop\u00ed spolupracoval v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm Salk s Oregon CBD, Oregonskou st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzitou a HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology. Jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee genomy konop\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou rozmanitost, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na drah\u00e1m synt\u00e9zy kanabinoid\u016f a genomick\u00fdm odchylk\u00e1m souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s metabolismem mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie poukazuje na genetickou slo\u017eitost konop\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je mezi rostlinami jedine\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 odd\u011blen\u00e9 sam\u010d\u00ed a sami\u010d\u00ed rostliny. Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed komplikuje genetickou anal\u00fdzu, ale v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm vyu\u017eil pokro\u010dilou technologii sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed s dlouh\u00fdm \u010dten\u00edm, aby tyto probl\u00e9my p\u0159ekonal. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed metody sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnou kritick\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 informace, ale techniky dlouh\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00ed zachycuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00faseky DNA, \u010d\u00edm\u017e odhaluj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 genov\u00e9 struktury a variace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi hlavn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed studie pat\u0159\u00ed:\n- 23% zkouman\u00fdch gen\u016f bylo p\u0159\u00edtomno ve v\u0161ech genomech, zat\u00edmco 55% bylo nalezeno v 95-99% z nich. P\u0159itom 21% gen\u016f bylo identifikov\u00e1no v 5-94% genomech.\n- V\u00fdzkum identifikoval variabilitu gen\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s metabolismem mastn\u00fdch kyselin a r\u016fstem, co\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro selektivn\u00ed \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zlep\u0161en\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed konop\u00ed.\n- V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zejm\u00e9na objevili strukturn\u00ed odchylky v biosyntetick\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed produkci tetrahydrokanabivarinu (THCV), kanabinoidu zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho pro sv\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed energizuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z genomick\u00fdch dat studie vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee dva geny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se synt\u00e9zou kanabinoid\u016f, THCAS a CBDAS, jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pod selek\u010dn\u00edm tlakem v d\u016fsledku lidsk\u00e9ho \u0161lechtitelsk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu THC a CBD. Toto zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na kanabinoidn\u00ed geny vedlo ke zna\u010dn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 variabilit\u011b mezi rostlinami konop\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z v\u00fdzkumu vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak optimalizovat p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi evropsk\u00fdm a asijsk\u00fdm genomem nazna\u010duj\u00ed existenci prastar\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho konop\u00ed v Asii, kter\u00fd by mohl poskytnout cenn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 zdroje pro \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed odoln\u00fdch rostlin konop\u00ed. Studie d\u00e1le nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sam\u010d\u00ed rostliny konop\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed geny, kter\u00e9 by mohly zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkonnost potomstva, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161lechtitelsk\u00e9 postupy mohou p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee trh s konop\u00edm neust\u00e1le roste, poskytuje tento genetick\u00fd atlas \u0161lechtitel\u016fm a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd r\u00e1mec pro zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed konopn\u00fdch plodin pro zdravotn\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. T\u00fdm Salkova institutu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jejich pr\u00e1ce pom\u016f\u017ee odhalit pln\u00fd potenci\u00e1l konop\u00ed jako zdroje pro v\u00fdrobu vl\u00e1kna, oleje ze semen a l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 aplikace, co\u017e v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku podpo\u0159\u00ed inovace v konopn\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci ze Salkova institutu vytvo\u0159ili dosud nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed genetickou mapu konop\u00ed, kdy\u017e analyzovali 193 genom\u016f z...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[2298,1884,115,2299],"class_list":["post-7483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-breeding","tag-genetics","tag-innovation","tag-pangenome"],"yoast_head":"\nSalk Institute maps cannabis genome to boost breeding efforts - WeedMan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/weedman.ai\/cs\/novinky\/vyzkum\/2025\/05\/31\/salkuv-institut-mapuje-genom-konopi-aby-podporil-slechtitelske-usili\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Salk Institute maps cannabis genome to boost breeding efforts - 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