A recent study from UC San Francisco reveals that both smoking marijuana and consuming cannabis edibles, such as gummies, are associated with increased cardiovascular risks similar to those linked with tobacco use. Published in JAMA Cardiology on May 28, the research indicates that long-term cannabis use can impair blood vessel function, raising concerns about heart disease.
The study involved 55 participants aged 18 to 50, all of whom were deemed outwardly healthy. They were divided into three groups: regular marijuana smokers, individuals who consumed THC-containing edibles, and non-users. Participants in both cannabis-using groups had been consuming the substance at least three times a week for over a year. Smokers averaged ten years of use, while edible consumers averaged five years.
Testing conducted in September 2024 assessed the vascular function of participants and the condition of the cells lining their blood vessels. Results showed that both groups of cannabis users exhibited decreased vascular function, roughly half of what was observed in non-users. This reduction in function is linked to an elevated risk of heart attacks, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular issues.
While smokers displayed changes in blood serum that negatively affected the linings of their blood and lymphatic vessels, this effect was not observed in those who consumed edibles. The researchers noted that smoking and consuming edibles likely impair vascular function through different mechanisms. They stated, “Chronic cannabis smoking and THC ingestion were associated with endothelial dysfunction similar to that observed in tobacco smokers, although occurring via distinct mechanisms.”
Cardiologist Dr. Bradley Serwer, chief medical officer at VitalSolution, commented on the study’s findings, indicating that they confirm previous research linking THC use to adverse health effects. He pointed out that the study’s limited scope, with only 55 participants from the San Francisco Bay area, raises concerns about variability in cannabis strains and self-reported usage.
The researchers acknowledged the study’s limitations, including the variability of cannabis strains and the potential for recall bias in self-reported data. They also noted challenges in isolating the impact of lifestyle factors such as stress, caffeine consumption, and exposure to secondhand smoke.
Despite these limitations, Dr. Serwer emphasized the need for caution regarding cannabis use. He advised patients to consider the risks of chronic use against potential therapeutic benefits, stating, “If the risks outweigh the benefits, it should be avoided.”
This study was primarily funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the California Department of Cannabis Control, and other health-related organizations. As research continues, the implications of cannabis use on cardiovascular health warrant further investigation.
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