Recent developments in cannabis research have shed light on the genetic factors influencing cannabinoid production in Cannabis sativa L. After years of prohibition, cannabis has emerged as a significant plant for both medical and commercial purposes, particularly following its legalization in places like Canada.
A study conducted on 174 drug-type Cannabis accessions available in the legal Canadian market utilized a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore the genetic underpinnings of eleven cannabinoid traits. This research incorporated 282,000 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms to pinpoint quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes that are crucial to cannabinoid biosynthesis.
The study revealed 33 genetic markers that play a pivotal role in cannabinoid production. Among these, researchers discovered a large haplotype of approximately 60 Mb on chromosome 7 associated with Type I cannabis accessions, which are characterized by a dominance of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This genetic influence is substantial, affecting the profiles of cannabinoids produced by these plants.
The identification of these markers is expected to facilitate breeding programs aimed at producing cannabis varieties with tailored cannabinoid profiles. By employing precise genetic markers, breeders can efficiently select and refine cannabis strains to meet specific medical and recreational demands. This method has the potential to accelerate the breeding process and lower costs compared to traditional breeding techniques.
The findings from this research represent a significant advancement in integrating cannabis genetics into modern agricultural practices. As the cannabis industry continues to grow, understanding the genetic basis of cannabinoid traits will be essential for developing new strains that cater to consumer needs and medical applications.
This study exemplifies the ongoing efforts to advance cannabis research and highlights the importance of genetic studies in optimizing cannabis cultivation. Torkamaneh, D. (2025). Discovery of major QTL and a massive haplotype associated with cannabinoid biosynthesis in drug-type Cannabis. The Plant Genome, 18(2), e70031. https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.70031
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